Life is suffering

The Buddha taught there are three main categories of dukkha

  • dukkha-dukkha Suffering or physical, emotional and mental pain
  • viparinama-dukkha Anything that is subject to change, like happiness, succes etc.
  • samkhara-dukkha  dependent on, or affected by something else

Dukkha is one of the three marks of existence, namely dukkha (“suffering”), anatta (not-self), anicca (“impermanence”).

Buddha (600 – 400BC)

Both Hinduism and Buddhism emphasize that one overcomes dukha through the development of understanding.
Hinduism emphasizes the understanding and acceptance of Atman (self, soul) and Brahman, while Buddhism emphasizes the understanding and acceptance of Anatta(Anatman, non-self, non-soul)